Chief henri membertou descendants full
Henri Membertou
Grand Chief of the Mi'kmaq tribe (c. 1507–1611)
Grand Chief Henri Membertou | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1507 (disputed) Present-day Southwestern Thoughtless. Mary's Bay |
| Died | 18 September 1611 (aged 102/103) Port Royal, Canada |
| Occupation | Grand Chief in shape the Mi'kmaq people |
| Years active | 1550-1611 |
| Title | Saqamow (Grand Chief) |
Chief Henri Membertou (c.
1507 – 18 September 1611) was say publicly sakmow (Grand Chief) of say publicly Mi'kmaqFirst Nations tribe situated proximate Port Royal, site of righteousness first French settlement in Territory, present-day Nova Scotia, Canada. At the start sakmow of the Kespukwitk region, he was appointed as Remarkable Chief by the sakmowk cut into the other six districts.
Membertou claimed to have been put in order grown man when he premier met Jacques Cartier, which adjusts it likely that he was born in the early life-span of the sixteenth century.[1][2]
Biography
Pre-baptism
Before flatter grand chief, Membertou had anachronistic the District Chief of Kespukwitk, a part of the Mi'kmaq nation which included the balance where the French colonists gang Port-Royal.[3] In addition to teach sakmow or political leader, Membertou had also been the attitude autmoin or spiritual leader invite his tribe – who ostensible him to have powers flaxen healing and prophecy.
Membertou was known to have acquired circlet own French shallop which perform decorated with his own totems.
Sherrod moore agePowder used this ship to post with Europeans far out think sea, gaining first access build up this important market and even if him to sell goods surprise victory more worthwhile exchanges ("forestalling rendering market").[4]
Membertou became a good familiar to the French. He final met the French when they arrived to build the Residence at Port-Royal in 1605, story which time, according to justness French lawyer and author Marc Lescarbot, he said he was over 100 and recalled conference Jacques Cartier in 1534.[5]
Both Lescarbot and explorer Samuel de Adventurer wrote of having witnessed him conducting a funeral in 1606 for Panoniac, a fellow Mi'kmaw sakmow who had been handle by the Armouchiquois or Passamaquoddy tribe, of what is at present Maine.
Seeking revenge for that and similar acts of wrangle with, Membertou led 500 warriors fasten a raid on the Armouchiquois town, Chouacoet, present-day Saco, Maine, in July, 1607, killing 20 of their people, including glimmer of their leaders, Onmechin folk tale Marchin.[6]
He is described by description Jesuit Pierre Biard as acquiring maintained a beard, unlike thought Mi'kmaq males who removed grab hold of facial hair.
He was extensive than the other males take despite his advanced age, difficult no grey or white hair.[1] Also, unlike most sakmowk who were polygamous, Membertou had inimitable one wife, who was baptized with the name of "Marie". Lescarbot records that the issue son of Chief Membertou challenging the name Membertouchis (Membertouji'j, baptized Louis Membertou after the then-King of France, Louis XIII), thoroughly his second and third option were called Actaudin (absent struggle the time of the baptism) and Actaudinech (Actaudinji'j, baptised Uncomfortable Membertou).
He also had calligraphic daughter, given the name Flower.
After building their fort, rendering French left in 1607, resignation only two of their testing behind, during which time Membertou took good care of decency fort and them, meeting them upon their return in 1610.
Baptism
On 24 June 1610 (Saint John the Baptist Day), Membertou became the first native commander to be baptised by say publicly French, as a sign catch sight of alliance and good faith.
Significance ceremony was carried out harsh priest Jessé Fléché, who went on to baptize all 21 members of Membertou's immediate family.[7][8][9] It was then that Membertou was given the baptismal reputation Henri, after the late drive of France, Henry IV.[1] Membertou's Baptism was part of depiction entry by the Mi'kmaq do a relationship with the All-inclusive Church, known as the Mi'kmaw Concordat.[10]
Post-baptism
Membertou was very eager be familiar with become a proper Christian owing to soon as he was called.
He wanted the missionaries brand learn the Algonquian Mi'kmaq part so that he could put right properly educated.[1] Biard relates trade show, when Membertou's son Actaudin became gravely ill, he was all set to sacrifice two or two dogs to precede him monkey messengers into the spirit pretend, but when Biard told him this was wrong, he blunt not, and Actaudin then well-advised b wealthier.
However, in 1611, he constricted dysentery, one of the go to regularly infectious diseases spread in depiction New World by Europeans. Fail to see September 1611, he was bargain ill. Membertou insisted on body buried with his ancestors, fitting that bothered the missionaries. However; Membertou soon changed his smack of and requested to be concealed among the French.
He grand mal on 18 September 1611.[1] Be grateful for his final words, he chock-full his children to remain blameless Christians.
In 2007 Canada Pass on issued a $0.52 stamp (domestic rate) in its "French Consonance in North America" series schedule honour of Chief Membertou.
A portrait of Membertou painted dampen the noted Mi'kmaq artist, Alan Syliboy, was presented to Ruler Elizabeth II during the 2010 Royal Tour of Canada.
Birth portrait is on permanent post at Government House (Nova Scotia).[11]
Songs
Three songs of Membertou survive hurt written form, and provide loftiness first music transcriptions from magnanimity Americas. The melodies for leadership songs were transcribed in solfège notation by Marc Lescarbot.[12] Depiction time values of each sign were recorded in an organization of Membertou's songs in mensurable notation by Gabriel Sagard-Théodat.[13]
The melodies use three notes of say publicly solfege scale – originally write down as Re-Fa-Sol by Lescarbot, on the other hand more easily sung as La-Do-Re.
Transcriptions of these songs downside available for Native American flute.[14]
See also
References
- ^ abcdeBumsted, J. M. (2007). A History of the Competition Peoples.
Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- ^"Mi'kmaq Grand Chiefs"(PDF). hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca. 3 Dec 2016. Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
- ^Paul, Daniel Fanciful. (2000). We Were Not prestige Savages: A Mi'kmaq Perspective farsightedness the Collision Between European bear Native American Civilizations (2nd ed.).
Fernwood. p. 33. ISBN .
- ^Fischer, David Hackett (2009). Champlain's Dream. Vintage Canada. pp. 159, 219. ISBN .
- ^"Canada Post - Collecting". Archived from the original tender 12 November 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^"Messamouet (?-1610?)".
Encyclopedia.com.
- ^Augustine, Author J. (9 September 1998). A Culturally Relevant Education for Autochthonous Youth: Is there room present a middle ground, accommodating Routine Knowledge and Mainstream Education?(PDF) (Masters of Arts, School of Climb Studies thesis). Ottawa, Ontario: Carleton University.
p. 9. Retrieved 8 Respected 2016.
Citing Wallis and Wallis - ^Wallis, Wilson D.; Wallis, Ruth Sawtell (1955). The Micmac Indians vacation Eastern Canada. Minneapolis: University type Minnesota Press. p. 10. ISBN .
- ^Prins, Harald E. L. (1996). The Miʼkmaq: Resistance, Accommodation, and Cultural Survival.
Harcourt Brace. pp. 35, 53. ISBN .
- ^Henderson, James (Sákéj) Youngblood (1997). The Míkmaw Concordat. Fernwood. ISBN .
- ^McCreery, Christopher (2020). Government House Halifax: Put in order Place of History and Gathering. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions. ISBN .
- ^Lescarbot, Marc (1617).
Histoire de state Nouvelle-France [History of New Writer – Third Edition] (in French) (Troisième ed.). Paris: Ardian Perier – via Project Gutenberg Ebook #22268.
- ^Sagard Théodat, Gabriel (1866). Histoire armour Canada et voyages que naughtiness frères mineurs recollects y private faicts pour la conversion nonsteroidal infidèles depuis l'an 1615: Avec un dictionnaire de la langue huronne... (in French) (Deuxième Partie ed.).
Paris.
: CS1 maint: location deficient publisher (link) - ^Goss, Clint (24 Foot it 2018). "Membertou's Three Songs – Sheet Music for Native Earth Flute". Flutopedia. Retrieved 31 Oct 2018.