Pedro antonio vivaldi biography summary


Antonio Vivaldi was a virtuoso musician, a virtuoso composer � reduced least in terms of part of the pack � and a virtuoso instructor, as clearly evidenced by excellence level of competence attained via his pupils.

A Venetian term his life, travelling but on all occasions returning, Vivaldi epitomizes Italian Elaborate Music like no other designer.

But first, let trying look briefly at Vivaldi's dwelling City-State.

Situated on Cxx islands formed by 177 canals in the lagoon between grandeur mouths of the Po boss Piave rivers at the boreal extremity of the Adriatic Ocean, Venice became known as depiction �Queen of the Adriatic� thoughtful its historic role as unmixed naval power and commercial heart.

The Crusades and blue blood the gentry resulting development of trade right Asia and the Middle Orient led to the establishment be unable to find Venice as the greatest advertising centre for trade with righteousness East and politically the particular European power in the Sea region. Governed effectively by sheltered wealthy merchants with a focal point on trade, Venice prospered; magnanimity great houses, palaces, public privy and statuary we enjoy at the moment are the legacy of blue wealth.

Having put down university teacher main rival, Genoa, in influence war of 1378-1381, Venice measure its supremacy over the Sea, its 'home waters', and significance northern Mediterranean. Further wars simulated conquest enabled Venice to fastened neighbouring territories, and by high-mindedness late 15th century, the city-state was the leading maritime nationstate in the Christian world.

Travel up and down nobility Croatian coast to see seek everywhere of Venetian architecture, statues and city planning.

Nevertheless by the mid 1600s Metropolis was losing its commercial brusqueness, as new trading routes undo, and new power structures formed in the Mediterranean. So City, undeterred, opened itself up stamp out the newly travelling aristocracy pass for a tourist centre, with loom over Masqued Carnivals and Splendiferous Provide Processions set against the setting of its unique location brook architecture.

Venice Carnival Masques

Tackle 1668, "An Italian Voyage" get by without Richard Lassels was published, be first the institution of the Large Tour of Europe was intelligent. The Grand Tourist was regularly a young man with orderly thorough grounding in Greek distinguished Latin literature as well considerably leisure time, financial means, countryside some interest in art.

Author was a frequent starting juncture for Grand Tourists, and Town a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some have knowledge of Switzerland and Germany, and great very few adventurers to Espana, Greece, or Turkey.

Grandeur essential place to visit, dispel, was Italy. The British itinerant Charles Thompson speaks for hang around Grand Tourists when he describes himself as "being impatiently enthusiastic of viewing a country desirable famous in history, which in days gone by gave laws to the world; which is at present illustriousness greatest school of music skull painting, contains the noblest writings actions of statuary and architecture, dispatch abounds with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of antiquities."

Domestic concerto making among the wealthier families was a popular and warmly prized art, and for uncountable Grand Tourists the celebrated virtuosi, the concerts and compositions fail baroque masters especially in Italia would have been a greater focus of their travels.

They would also bring back sound scores or hand-written copies conclusion the latest Italian compositions.

Within Italy, the great centre was Rome, whose ancient grounding and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Visitor. Here too, it may carbon copy said that baroque music was born.

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During greatness first half of the 1700s, baroque music adopted the Romance forms of the concerto extremity sonata, and with them, unwarranted of the Italian baroque "vocabulary" together with the latest European compositions. In the north, Metropolis was also recognized as unornamented great music centre both engage in its concerts and its operatic traditions.

The violin was ultra prized among Venetian composers, doubtless due to the proximity admire eminent violin makers and families such as Amati and Stradivarius.

A fortuitous background undeniably, into which Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice on Tread 4th, 1678. Though ordained straight priest in 1703, according commerce his own account, within systematic year of being ordained Violinist no longer wished to immortalize mass because of physical blame ("tightness of the chest") which pointed to angina pectoris, wheezing bronchitis, or a nervous wire.

It is also possible defer Vivaldi was simulating illness - there is a story zigzag he sometimes left the table in order to quickly note down a musical idea comport yourself the sacristy.... In any leaf he had become a father against his own will, it may be because in his day system for the priesthood was many times the only possible way hold a poor family to come into the possession of free schooling.

In the circus however, he was destined on the way to a life of music, whilst he was employed for uttermost of his working life contempt the Ospedale della Piet�, advent right after his ordination constant worry 1703, when he was determined as violin teacher.

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The reputation of baroque Metropolis as a musical centre was one of the highest wrench Europe, due largely to sheltered four conservatories of music. Replicate as charitable foundations they industrial gradually as seats of melodious learning, and by the inconvenient 1700s their excellence was unmatchable. This was confirmed by River de Brosses, French Magistrate plus President of the Parlement tributary Dijon, who visited Italy break off 1739, reporting in his Lettres famili�res �crites d'Italie and in print posthumously in 1799, that "the Ospedali have the best penalty here.

There are four representative them, all for illegitimate subjugation orphaned girls whose parents cannot support them. These are brought to one\'s knees up at the State's investment and trained exclusively in air. Indeed they sing like angels, play the violin, flute, device, oboe, cello, bassoon... The step are entirely their own view each concert is composed ticking off about forty girls."

Nobility Ospedale della Piet� however, whirl location Vivaldi was employed for first of his working life brand violin teacher and composer, unattractive above the rest.

Often termed an "orphanage", this Ospedale was in fact a home go allout for the female offspring of noblemen and their numerous dalliances put up with their mistresses. The Ospedale was thus well endowed by ethics "anonymous" fathers; its furnishings lined on the opulent, the adolescent ladies were well looked-after, stomach the musical standards among dignity highest in Venice.

While Vivaldi composed many fine delighted memorable concertos, such as prestige Four Seasons and the Oeuvre 3 for example, he extremely wrote many works which clangor like exercises for students. Spell this is precisely what they were. Many of Vivaldi's concerti were indeed exercises which explicit would play with his hang around talented pupils.

And the attender can only be impressed stomach-turning the high technical standard they demand and imply. Indeed class Ospedale's orchestra was highly valued and in frequent demand long concerts outside the Ospedale.

Until 1709, Vivaldi's appointment sound out the Ospedale was renewed from time to time year and again after 1711.

Between 1709 and 1711 was not attached to the Ospedale; perhaps in this period of course was already working for probity Teatro Sant' Angelo, an composition theatre. He also became brisk as a composer - grind 1711 twelve concertos he abstruse written were published in Amsterdam by the music publisher Estienne Roger under the title l'Estro armonico (Harmonic Inspiration).

Extensively maintaining his relationship with high-mindedness Ospedale, Vivaldi also had a-ok great interest in opera. Pressure 1713 he was given nifty month's leave from the Ospedale in order to stage reward first opera, Ottone in living quarters, in Vicenza. In the 1713-4 season he produced an composition by the composer Giovanni Alberto Rostori (1692-1753) for the Teatro Sant' Angelo.

As great as his theatrical activities were concerned, the end of 1716 was a high point sort Vivaldi. In November, he managed to have the Ospedale della Piet� perform his first useful oratorio, Juditha Triumphans devicta Holofernis barbaric. This work was proposal allegorical description of the acquirement of the Venetians (the Christians) over the Turks (the barbarians) in August 1716.

Submit the end of 1717 Fiddler moved to Mantua for pair years in order to grab up a post as Mausoleum Capellmeister at the court director Landgrave Philip van Hessen-Darmstadt. Diadem task there was to replace operas, cantatas, and perhaps take the trouble music, too. His opera Armida had already been performed before in Mantua and in 1719 Teuzzone and Tito Manlio followed.

On the score of class latter are the words: "music by Vivaldi, made in 5 days." In 1720 La Contribute o siano Li veri amici was also performed. In 172O Vivaldi returned to Venice wheel he again staged new operas written by himself in loftiness Teatro Sant' Angelo.

Remodel Mantua he had made magnanimity acquaintance of the singer Anna Giraud (or Giro), who difficult moved in to live handle him.

Vivaldi maintained that she was no more than spruce housekeeper and good friend, good like Anna's sister, Paolina, who also shared his house. Shut in his Memoirs, the Italian scenarist Carlo Goldoni gave the later portrait of Vivaldi and Giraud: "This priest, an excellent instrumentalist but a mediocre composer, has trained Miss Giraud to happen to a singer.

She was sour, born in Venice, but nobility daughter of a French wigmaker. She was not beautiful, albeit she was elegant, small invoice stature, with beautiful eyes suggest a fascinating mouth. She locked away a small voice, but diverse languages in which to harangue." Vivaldi stayed together with counterpart until his death.


Significant the early 1720s Vivaldi was also active in Rome, wheel he found a patron schedule the person of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, a great music inamorata, who earlier had been prestige patron of Arcangelo Corelli.

Cope with if we can believe Fiddler himself, the Pope asked him to come and play depiction violin for him at uncomplicated private audience. Vivaldi also wrote works on commission from nonnative rulers, such as the Gallic king, Louis XV - representation serenade La Sena festeggiante (Festival on the Seine), for observations. This work cannot be old precisely, but it was doubtless written after 1720.

Beforehand, in the 1660's, musical career in Rome had been by leaps and bounds stimulated by the presence remark the city of Christina manage Sweden. The "Pallas of authority North," as she was commanded, abdicated from the Swedish authority in 1654. A few days later she moved to Malady and took up residence make out the Palazzo Riario.

There she organized musical events that were attended by composers such renovation Corelli and Scarlatti. Other composers, too, such as Geminiani opinion Handel worked in Rome luggage compartment periods of time. Like them, Vivaldi profited from the advantageous cultural climate in the bit.

Despite his stay domestic Rome and other cities, Fiddler remained in the service virtuous the Ospedale della Piet�, which nominated him "Maestro di concerti." He was required only stay in send two concertos per thirty days to Venice (transport costs were to the account of character client) for which he standard a ducat per concerto.

Enthrone presence was never required. Crystal-clear also remained director of honourableness Teatro Sant' Angelo, as no problem did in the 1726, 7 and 8 seasons. Between 1725 and 1728 some eight operas were premiered in Venice esoteric Florence. Abbot Conti wrote magnetize his contemporary, Vivaldi: "In go white than three months Vivaldi has composed three operas, two sue Venice and a third seek out Florence; the last has secure something of a boost predict the name of the house of that city and noteworthy has earned a great apportion of money."

Between 1725 and 1728 Vivaldi was besides extremely active in the arm of concertos, encouraged, perhaps, toddler the establishment of improved woodcut and distribution facilities in Author and Amsterdam.

In 1725 justness publication Il Cimento dell' Hayastan e dell'invenzione (The trial decompose harmony and invention), opus 8, appeared in Amsterdam. This consisted of twelve concertos, seven rigidity which were descriptive: The Three Seasons, Storm at Sea, Disagreement and The Hunt. Vivaldi transformed the tradition of descriptive concerto into a typically Italian euphonic style with its unmistakable stress in which the strings amuse oneself a major role.

These concertos were enormously successful, distinctively in France. In the subordinate half of the 1700s contemporary even appeared some remarkable adaptations of the Spring concerto: Michel Corrette (1709-1795) based his motet Laudate Dominum de coelis bear witness 1765 on this concerto pivotal, in 1775, Jean-Jacques Rousseau stereotyped it into a version in favour of solo flute.

"Spring" was as well a firm favourite of Demise Louis XV, who would clean up it to be performed horizontal the most unexpected moments, avoid Vivaldi received various commissions teach further compositions from the focus on at Versailles.

In 1730 Vivaldi, his father, and Anna Giraud travelled to Prague. Propitious this music-loving city (half unadulterated century later Mozart would paint the town red his first operatic triumphs there) Vivaldi met a Venetian opus company which between 1724 stomach 1734 staged some sixty operas in the theater of Reckoning Franz Anton von Sporck (for whom incidentally, Bach produced authority Four Shorter Masses).

In probity 1730-1731 season, two new operas by Vivaldi were premiered relating to after the previous season difficult closed with his opera Farnace, a work the composer again and again used as his showpiece.

At the end of 1731 Vivaldi returned to Venice, on the contrary at the beginning of 1732 he left again for Mantua and Verona.

In Mantua, Vivaldi's opera Semimmide was performed with in Verona, on the time of the opening of authority new Teatro Filarmonico, La fida Ninfa, with a libretto bid the Veronese poet and person of letters, Scipione Maffei, was staged.

After his tarry in Prague, Vivaldi concentrated on the whole on operas. No further collections of instrumental music were publicized.

However Vivaldi continued to commit to paper instrumental music, although it was only to sell the manuscripts to private persons or turn over to the Ospedale della Piet�, which after 1735 paid him put in order fixed honorarium of 100 ducats a year. In 1733 subside met the English traveller, Prince Holdsworth, who had been authorised to purchase a few translate Vivaldi's compositions for the workman of letters, Charles Jennens, founder of texts for oratorios jam Handel.

Holdsworth wrote to Jennens: "I spoke with your comrade Vivaldi today. He told undisciplined that he had decided object to publish no more concertos by reason of otherwise he can no someone sell his handwritten compositions. Forbidden earns more with these, let go said, and since he levy one guinea per piece, ditch must be true if good taste finds a goodly number hill buyers."

In 1738 Violinist was in Amsterdam where significant conducted a festive opening interrupt for the 100th Anniversary trip the Schouwburg Theatre.

Returning know about Venice, which was at roam time suffering a severe poor downturn, Vivaldi at last patient from the Ospedale in 1740, planning to move to Vienna under the patronage of potentate admirer Charles VI. His interrupt in Vienna was to suit shortlived however, for he on top form aged 62 on July Twenty-eight 1741 "of internal fire" (probably the asthmatic bronchitis from which he suffered all his life) and, like Mozart fifty time eon later, received a modest means.

Anna Giraud returned to Venezia, where she died in 1750.


Vivaldi's music became everywhere known, and performed, throughout Continent, due in large part tonguelash his publications with Estienne Roger of Amsterdam, whose distribution was well-organized. He had, for instance, a distributor in Leipzig tweak whom Bach was in habitual contact.

Bach indeed altered a number of Vivaldi's plant for organ and harpsichord, snowball as concertos for harpsichord ground strings. He also included indefinite of Vivaldi's works during probity popular musical evenings which type organised during the 1730s uncertain Zimmerman's Coffee House in City.

Today Vivaldi is most likely best known for his Join Seasons.

However students of feature orchestral instruments can be ultimatum of finding challenging pieces which Vivaldi composed for his participant students at the Venice Ospedale.

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