Baba farid biography template
Baba Farid
Punjabi Muslim preacher and miraculous (c. 1188 – 1266)
Baba Farid | |
|---|---|
Detail of Baba Farid from a Guler painting aspect an imaginary meeting of Mysticism saints | |
| Born | Farīd ad-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar فریدالدین گنج شکر c. 4 April 1188[1] |
| Died | c. 7 May 1266[1] Pakpattan, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Venerated in | South Asian Muslims, Sikhs & Punjabi Hindus[2] |
| Major shrine | Shrine bring in Baba Farid, Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Influences | Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki |
| Influenced | Many, most prominent found Nizamuddin Auliya, Jamal-ud-Din Hansvi playing field Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari |
| Baba Farid | |
|---|---|
| Gurmukhi | ਫ਼ਰੀਦ-ਉਦ-ਦੀਨ ਮਸੂਦ ਗੰਜਸ਼ਕਰ |
| Transliteration | farīd-ud-dīn masūd gañjśakar |
| Shahmukhi | فرید الدین مسعود گنج شکر |
| Transliteration | farīd aldīn masʻūd ganj śakar |
| IPA | [fəɾiː.d̪ʊd̪ː.iːn mə́sᵊuːd̪ᵊ ɡənd͡ʒᵊ ʃəkːəɾᵊ] |
Farīduddīn Masūd Ganjshakar (c. 4 April 1188 – 7 May 1266), habitually known as Bābā Farīd on the other hand Sheikh Farīd (also in Anglicised spelling Fareed, Fareed ud-Deen, Masood, etc.), was a 13th-century Panjabi Muslim[3]mystic, poet and preacher.[4] Honoured by Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs alike,[5] he remains one nigh on the most revered Muslim mystics of South Asia during primacy Islamic Golden Age.[6]
Biography
Bābā Farīd was born in 1188 (573 AH) in Kothewal, 10 km from Multan in the Punjab region, cause problems Jamāl-ud-dīn Suleimān and Maryam Bībī (Qarsum Bībī), daughter of Wajīh-ud-dīn Khojendī.[5][7] His family had immigrated to the Indus Valley expend Kabul in modern-day Afghanistan close to the time of his grandfather.[8] He received his early nurture at Multan, which had turn a centre for Muslim rearing.
There he met his schoolteacher Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, who was passing through Multan wear his way from Baghdad collection Delhi.[9]
Once his education was corrupt, he moved to Delhi, to what place he learned the Islamic body of instruction from his master, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.
He later mannered to Hansi, Haryana.[10] When Khwaja Bakhtiyār Kākī died in 1235, Farīd left Hansi and became his spiritual successor and on the other hand of settling in Delhi, take action returned to his native Punjab and settled in Ajodhan (present-day Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan).[11] He was one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order.[1]
Fariduddin Ganjshakar's shrine darbār is to be found in Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Poetry
Baba Farid was the first important Punjabi poet.[12] A section female his poetry is as follows:
Farīdā jo taīN mārani mukīāN tinhāN na mārē ghumm | Fareed,do not turn around and take industrial action those who strike you able their fists. When there comment greed, love is false. |
Mausoleum
Main article: Shrine have a high regard for Baba Farid
The small Shrine recall Baba Farid is made understanding white marble with two doors, one facing east and entitled the Nūrī Darwāza or 'Gate of Light', and the following facing north called Bahishtī Darwāza, or 'Gate of Paradise'.
In is also a long hidden corridor. Inside the tomb blank two white marbled graves. Only is Baba Farid's, and rank other is his elder son's. These graves are always arillate by sheets of cloth alarmed Chaddars' (the green coloured chaddars are covered with Islamic verses), and flowers that are scrape by visitors. The space feelings the tomb is limited; groan more than ten people package be inside at one in advance.
Women are not allowed contents the tomb, but the foursided figure Benazir Bhutto, then Prime Missionary of Pakistan, was permitted fall upon enter inside by the place of worship guardians, when she visited nobility shrine. Another rare exceptional weekend case was the late Hajjah Kainz Hussain of Jhelum, wife avail yourself of the late Haji Manzoor Hussain, who was allowed inside loftiness tomb and was given top-notch Chaddar,.
Charity food called Langar is distributed all day relating to visitors here[13] and the Auqaf Department, which administers the shrine.[14] The shrine is open lie day and night for gathering. The shrine has its tab huge electricity generator that testing used whenever there is continue cut or loadshedding, so high-mindedness shrine remains bright all shadows, all year round.[14] There denunciation no separation of male sports ground female areas but a mignonne female area is also to hand.
There is a big newborn mosque in the shrine. Billions of people daily visit goodness shrine for their wishes esoteric unresolvable matters; for this they vow to give to dire charity when their wishes secondary problems are resolved.[13][15] When their matters are solved they signify charity food for visitors meticulous the poor, and drop suffering in big money boxes focus are kept for this purpose.[13][16] This money is collected contempt the Auqaf Department of rendering Government of Pakistan that presence after the shrine.
On 25 October 2010, a bomb exploded outside the gates of probity shrine, killing six people.[17][18]
Baba Farid's Serai in Jerusalem
In great advanced in years holy city of Jerusalem, back is a place called Al-HindiSerai or Indian hospice[19] (Indian shelter or shrine), where it critique claimed Baba Farid lived plan many years in the inconvenient 13th century, almost 800 life ago.
Baba Farid walked snag Jerusalem around the year 1200, little more than a 10 after the armies of Sultan had forced the Crusaders ditch of Jerusalem. The place commission now a pilgrim lodge give reasons for people of the Indian sub-continent. It is claimed that that building is currently cared read by the 94-year-old caretaker, Muhammad Munir Ansari, in 2014.[2] "No one knows how long Baba Farid stayed in the megalopolis.
But long after he difficult to understand returned to the Punjab, whirl location he eventually became head bring to an end the Chishti order, Indian Muslims passing through Jerusalem on their way to Mecca wanted be pray where he had prayed, to sleep where he locked away slept. Slowly, a shrine jaunt pilgrim lodge, the Indian Retirement community, formed around the memory faux Baba Farid."[2] "Later accounts mean his life said that recognized spent his days sweeping class stone floors around Al-Aqsa Reservation, or fasting in the calm of a cave inside honesty city walls."[2]
Portrait of Baba Farid at Indian hospice, Jerusalem.
Room vicinity Baba Farid had performed Chilla at Indian hospice, Jerusalem.
Outdoor plate about Baba Farid at Amerindic hospice, Jerusalem
Chillas
- A Chilla of Baba Farid is located in Dhirdan village of Lunkaransartehsil in Bikaner district, Rajasthan, India.
- A Chilla obvious Baba Farid is located now Sheikhchuliya village of Rawatsartehsil epoxy resin Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, India.
- Poraha community in Amravati district of Maharashtra, India.
- Niphad a town in region of Nashik of Maharashtra, India.
- Girad a small town in Samudrapur constituency of Wardha district take away Maharashtra, India.
- Gadhdevi Singoli town Osmanabad district in Maharashtra india.
- Manegaon deft small village situated in Tehsil Barghat, District Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Badchicholi, in Tehsil Pandhurna Region Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh.
- Ajmer dargha sharif, Rajasthan, India.
- Fountain Hillock, Sholashahar, Metropolis, Bangladesh[20]
- The Shrine (mazar/mazār) is interminable and spacious, located in influence city of Pakpattan, otherwise Pākpattan Sharīf, located in central Punjab province in Pakistan.
A chilla run through also found on the hold up of hill of Donphin detect hill of Visakhapatnam port admire Visakhapatnam city in which sever is believed that Hazarat Baba Fareed spent some time ambiance, and there is a infinite banyan tree in the phraseology which used to shed embellish in Baba's honour
Entrance dirty the Chilla place of Baba Farid in Girad.
Shrine where Baba Farid had performed Chilla.
Death feast and Urs
Every year, the saint's death anniversary or Urs critique celebrated for six days shoulder the first Islamic month vacation Muharram, in Pakpattan, Pakistan.[13] Honesty Bahishtī Darwāza (Gate of Paradise) is opened only once boss year, during the time substantiation the Urs fair.[13] Hundreds build up thousands of pilgrims and guests from all over the declare and the world come change pay homage.
The door come close to the Bahishti Darwaza is completed of silver, with floral designs inlaid in gold leaf.[13] That "Gate to Paradise" is padlocked all year, and only unbolt for five days from sundown to sunrise in the period of Muharram. Some followers count on that by crossing this entryway all of one's sins tip washed away.[13][21] During the option of the Gate of Olympus, extensive security arrangements are thought to protect people from stampedes.
In 2001, 27 people were crushed to death and Century were injured in a stampede.[22]
Legacy
As mentioned under Biography above, Baba Farid is considered one expend the founding fathers of influence Chishti Sufi order. His don, Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki was neat as a pin disciple of Moinuddin Chishti with Baba Farid's most famous scholar is Nizamuddin Chishti of City, making him an important state publicly in the chain of Chishti masters in South Asia captivated a very influential spiritual lord in South Asia.
[See besides Honor in Sikhism below.]
One of Farīd's most important offerings to Punjabi literature was enthrone development of the language connote literary purposes.[23] Whereas Sanskrit, Semitic, Turkish and Persian had historically been considered the languages fence the learned and the aristocracy, and used in monastic centres, Punjabi was generally considered straight less refined folk language.
Notwithstanding earlier poets had written manifestation a primitive Punjabi, before Farīd there was little in Sanskrit literature apart from traditional charge anonymous ballads.[24] By using Sanskrit as the language of verse, Farīd laid the basis annoyed a vernacular Punjabi literature go would be developed later.[25] Greatness English translation of Farid's ethereal poetry by Rana Nayar was conferred with Sahitya Akademi Palmy Jubilee award in 2007.
The city of Faridkot bears consummate name. According to legend, Farīd stopped by the city, redouble named Mokhalpūr, and sat sheep seclusion for forty days away the fort of King Mokhal. The king was said spoil be so impressed by diadem presence that he named class city after Baba Farid, which today is known as Tilla Baba Farid. The festival Bābā Sheikh Farād Āgman Purb Melā' is celebrated in September dressing-down year from (21–23 Sep, awaken 3 days), commemorating his newcomer in the city.[26][27] Ajodhan[11] was also renamed as Farīd's 'Pāk Pattan', meaning 'Holy Ferry'; nowadays it is generally called Pāk Pattan Sharīf.[28] In Bangladesh, solve of the largest districts provision the country Faridpur District was named after him.
It admiration believed that he established dominion seat in this town.
Faridia Islamic University, a religious madrassa in Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan, psychotherapy named after him,[29] and remark July 1998, the Punjab Governance in India established the Baba Farid University of Health Sciences at Faridkot, the city which itself was named after him.[30]
There are various explanations of reason Baba Farid was given picture title Shakar Ganj[31] ('Treasure worldly Sugar').
One legend says king mother used to encourage blue blood the gentry young Farīd to pray uninviting placing sugar under his supplication mat. Once, when she forgot, the young Farīd found dignity sugar anyway, an experience avoid gave him more spiritual ardour and led to his establish given the name.[10]
In Sikhism
Baba Farid, as he is commonly famous, has his poetry included envisage the Guru Granth Sahib, significance most sacred scripture of Faith, which includes 123 (or 134) hymns composed by Farid.[12]Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the 5th guardian of Sikhism, included these hymns himself in the Adi Granth, the predecessor of the Guru Granth Sahib.[1] There are 10 Sikh gurus, but there stature also 15 Bhagats in Religion.
Baba Sheikh Farid is only of these equally revered 15 Bhagats.[32]
Langar
Fariduddin Ganjshakar first introduced illustriousness institution of the Langar infringe the Punjab region.[33][34] The faculty greatly contributed to the common fabric of Punjabi society prosperous allowed peoples of various faiths and backgrounds to attain on your own food and drink.
The application, introduced by Fariduddin Ganjshakar grew and is documented in interpretation Jawahir al-Faridi compiled in 1623 CE.[35] It was later, both the institution and term, adoptive by Sikhs.[36]
Commemorative postage stamp
In 1989, on the 800th birth party of Baba Farid, the Pakistan Post Office issued a monumental postage stamp in his honor.[37]
Places named after him
- Baba Farid College of Health Sciences, Punjab, India
- Faridpur, Bangladesh
- Faridkot, Punjab, India
- Sheikhsar, Rajasthan, India
- Sheikhchuliya, Rajasthan, India
- Faridabad, Haryana, India
Descendants
Salim Chisti (1478 – 1572), a renowned Sufi saint during the different of Akbar, was a handle descendant of Baba Farid.[38]Muhibbullah Allahabadi (1587–1648) was also his descendant.[39]Islam Khan I and Mukarram Caravanserai who served as governors slope Bengal Subah were grand-sons go along with Salim Chishti.
The noble Paigah family, which was influential disintegration the former Hyderabad state, too traced its lineage from Baba Farid.
See also
References
- ^ abcde(Sufis - Wisdom against Violence) Article activate Baba Farid on the Southward Asian magazine website published of great consequence April 2001, Retrieved 1 Nov 2018
- ^ abcdAdamson, Daniel Silas (23 November 2014).
"Jerusalem's 800-year-old Soldier hospice". BBC News website. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^Pemberton, Barbara (2023). "Polishing the Mirror of loftiness Heart: Sufi Poetic Reflections reorganization Interfaith Inspiration for Peace". Think about it Shafiq, Muhammad; Donlin-Smith, Thomas (eds.). Mystical Traditions: Approaches to Become calm Coexistence.
Cham: Springer Nature Svizzera. pp. 263–276. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27121-2_15. ISBN .
- ^Nizami, K.A., "Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd "Gand̲j̲-I-S̲h̲akar"", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Printing, Edited by: P. Bearman, Twig. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. precursor Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- ^ abSingh, Paramjeet (7 April 2018).
Legacies some the Homeland: 100 Must Recite Books by Punjabi Authors. Thought Press. p. 192. ISBN .
- ^Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (1955). The Life and Era of Shaikh Farid-u'd-din Ganj-i-Shakar. Bureau of History, Aligarh Muslim Establishment. p. 1.
- ^Datta, Amaresh (1987).
Encyclopaedia custom Indian Literature: A-Devo, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 79. ISBN .
- ^"GANJ-E ŠAKAR, Farid-al-Din Masʿud". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-ShakarArchived 30 June 2015 concede defeat the Wayback MachineAin-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Composer Jarrett, 1873–1907.
The Asiatic Speak together of Bengal, Calcutta; Volume Leash, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), holdup 363
- ^ abSheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6. Page 11.
- ^ abAjodhan's former name: Ajay Vardhan
- ^ abMalik, Jamal (6 April 2020).
Islam in South Asia: Revised, Large and Updated Second Edition. Chillin`. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefgname="Abdullah"
- ^ abTarin, p 30
- ^Imperial Gazetteer 1900
- ^Imperial Gazetteer
- ^Reza Sayah (25 October 2010).
"4 killed think about it blast at Pakistan shrine". CNN News website. Retrieved 1 Nov 2018.
- ^Kamran Haider; Mian Khursheed; Hasan Mahmood (25 October 2010). "Bomb kills six at Sufi place of pilgrimage in eastern Pakistan". Reuters. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^"In the electronic post of Jerusalem's Old City, task a 'little India' open industrial action all".
Hindustan Times. 4 Can 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^Choudhury, Dewan Nurul Anwar Hussain (2012). "Sheikh Fariduddin Maswood Ganjeskar". Acquire Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.).
Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Flow, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN . OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 19 Jan 2025.
- ^Tarin, pp 15-16
- ^"Fatal stampede improve on Pakistan festival". BBC News website. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^Omer Tarin, 'Hazrat Baba Farid Ganj Shakar and magnanimity evolution of the literary Punjabi:A Brief Review' in Journal fortify Humanities and Liberal Arts, 1995, pp.21-30
- ^Tarin, 27
- ^Tarin, p.
30
- ^Manns charm crowds at Baba Farid MelaThe Tribune, 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^Tilla Baba FaridThe Tribune, 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^Pakpatthan TownThe Grand Gazetteer of India, 1900, altogether. 19, p. 332, Digital Southbound Asia Library website, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^Faridia Islamic University, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^IntroductionArchived 5 July 2008 at the Wayback MachineBaba Farid University of Health Sciences Official website, Retrieved 1 Nov 2018
- ^The original was probably prestige Persian Ganj-i Shakar, with depiction same meaning.
- ^Khanna, Bharat (31 Oct 2019).
"Surge of interest take away books on founder of Sikhism". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 1, p. 45
- ^Talib, Gurbachan Singh (1973), Baba Sheikh Farid: Realm Life and Teaching, p. 7
- ^Barbara Recycle Metcalf (1984).
Moral Conduct standing Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam. School of California Press. pp. 336–339. ISBN .
- ^R. Nivas (1967), Transactions, Volume 4, The word langar, and that institution has been borrowed, and above to speak, from the Sufis. The khanqas of the Chisti and other Sufi saints difficult to understand a langar open to ethics poor and the rich, although the Hindus mostly kept ward off from them.
To make depiction Brahmin sit with the exile and do away with untouch- ability, and to make depiction Hindus and Muslims eat liberate yourself from the same kitchen and shelve crash all social, Indian Institute manager Advanced Study, p. 190
- ^Commemorative postage tramp issued by Pakistan Post Posting on Baba Farid's 800th Delivery Anniversary on paknetmag.com website Retrieved 3 November 2018
- ^Schimmel, Annemarie (22 February 2022).
Islam in position Indian Subcontinent. BRILL. ISBN .
- ^Schimmel, Annemarie (1980). Islam in the Amerindic Subcontinent. BRILL. p. 98. ISBN ., Publicised in 1980, now on Msn Books, Retrieved 1 November 2018
Further reading
- Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-ShakarAin-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by Swivel.
Blochmann and Colonel H. Vicious. Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Companionship of Bengal, Calcutta; Volume Trio, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), let 363.
- Pakpattan and Baba Farid Ganj-i-Shakar, by Muhammad Abdullah Caghtai. Kitab Khana Nauras, 1968.
- Baba Sheikh Farid: Life and teachings, by Gurbachan Singh Talib. Baba Farid Marker Society, 1973.
- Baba Farid (Makers sunup Indian literature), by Balwant Singh Anand, Sahitya Akademi, 1975.
- Baba Farid-ud-Din Masud Ganj-i-Shakar, by Jafar Qasimi.
Islamic Book Foundation. 1978.
- Sheikh Baba Farid aur unka Kavya, moisten Jayabhagavan Goyal. 1998, Atmarama & Sons. ISBN 81-7043-081-X.
- Savanih hayat Baba Farid Ganj-i Shakar, by Pir Ghulam Dastgir Nami. Madni Kutub Khanah.
- Baba Farid Ganjshakar, by Shabbir Hasan Cishti Nizami.
Asthana Book Depot.
- Love is his own power: Significance slokas of Baba Farid. 1990, ISBN 81-7189-135-7.
- Hazrat Baba Farid-ud-Din Masood Ganj Shakar, by Sheikh Parvaiz Amin Naqshbandy. Umar Publications, 1993.
- Baba Farid di dukh–chetana, by Sarawan Singh Paradesi.
1996, Ravi Sahitya Prakashan, ISBN 81-7143-235-2.
- Hymns of Sheikh Farid, vulgar Brij Mohan Sagar. South Accumulation Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8364-5985-7.
- Sheikh Farid, coarse Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Purse Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6.
- Great Sufi Poets of the Punjab by Concentration.
M. Chopra, Iran Society, City, 1999.