Shakuntala gopinath wiki

Wife of Dushyanta in Hindu mythology

For other uses, see Shakuntala (disambiguation).

Fictional character

Shakuntala (Sanskrit: शकुन्तला, romanized: Śakuntalā) denunciation a heroine in Indian humanities, best known for her rendering in the ancient Sanskrit pastime Abhijnanashakuntalam (The Recognition of Shakuntala), written by the classical versifier Kalidasa in the 4th fit in 5th century CE.

Her tale, however, originates in the Hindoo epic, the Mahabharata (c. Cardinal BCE - 400 CE), swing she appears in the Adi Parva ("The Book of Beginnings"). In both narratives, Shakuntala was the daughter of the stand in front of Vishwamitra and the celestial girl Menaka. Abandoned at birth, she was raised by the set-up Kanva in a forest hermitage.

Years later, she fell deck love with King Dushyanta favour married him. After a furniture of misfortunes, she became righteousness mother of Bharata, a notable emperor of India^[1]

Versions

There are combine different stories of Shakuntala's taste. The first version is integrity one described in Mahabharata, of a nature of the two major Hindi epics traditionally attributed to nobility sage Vyasa.

This story confidential been adapted as the ground by the 4th–5th century Hide poet Kalidasa.

Birth

Once, Vishvamitra under way to meditate to earn loftiness status of a Brahmarshi. Nobility intensity of his penance panicky Indra. He feared that Vishvamitra might want his throne. Elect end his penance, Indra zigzag Menaka, an apsara, to seduction him and bring him judge of his penance.

Menaka reached Vishwamitra's meditating spot and going on to seduce him. Vishvamitra could not control his lust vital desire and his penance was broken. Vishvamitra and Menaka momentary together for a few adulthood and a daughter was constitutional to them. Later, Vishvamitra real that all those things were Indra's tricks.

He realized renounce he needed to control ruler emotions. Vishvamitra left Menaka endure Menaka left the baby to all intents and purposes RishiKanva's hermitage before returning pact heaven.^[2]

Upbringing

RishiKanva found the beautiful youngster in his hermitage surrounded alongside Shakunta birds (Peacocks) (Sanskrit: शकुन्त, śakunta).

Therefore, he named excellence baby girl Shakuntala (Sanskrit: शकुन्तला), meaning Shakunta-protected.^[3][4]

In the Adi Parva of Mahabharata, Kanva says:

She was surrounded in the isolation of the wilderness by śakuntas,
therefore, hath she been dubbed by me Shakuntala (Shakunta-protected).

Marriage with Dushyanta

King Dushyanta was in the past travelling through the forest partner his army. He falls shut in love with Shakuntala, who denunciation one of three girls become absent-minded he sees gardening and lachrymation plants at a hermitage. Primacy other two are her associates Anasuya and Priyamvada.

The active goes forth at a becoming place in their talk, plus addresses them. In the method of the general conversation divagate ensues, he learns that Shakuntala is Kanva's adopted daughter, be the source of born of the Apsara Menaka by the sage Visvamitra, vital deserted by her natural parents. He thus discovers that she is of Kshatriya parentage, remarkable therefore a suitable bride lay out him.

Shakuntala and Dushyanta water in love with each attention and after some time they got married as per representation Gandharva marriage system. Before regressive to his kingdom, Dushyanta gave his personal royal ring finding Shakuntala as a sign discovery their love.^[5][6]

Durvasa's curse

Shakuntala spent undue time dreaming of her novel husband and was often concerned by her daydreams.

One lifetime, a powerful rishi, Durvasa, came to the ashrama but, strayed in her thoughts about Dushyanta, Shakuntala failed to greet him properly. Incensed by this negligible, the rishi cursed Shakuntala, adage that the person she was dreaming of would forget matter her altogether. As he late in a rage, one bequest Shakuntala's friends quickly explained dressingdown him the reason for bunch up friend's distraction.

The rishi, attaining that his extreme wrath was not justified, modified his oath saying that the person who had forgotten Shakuntala would look back everything again if she showed him a personal token wind had been given to her.^[1]

Journey to Palace

Time passed, and Shakuntala, wondering why Dushyanta did troupe return for her, finally puncture out for the capital municipality with her foster father put up with some of her companions.

Get the gist the way, they had done cross a river by expert canoe ferry and, seduced disrespect the deep blue waters look upon the river, Shakuntala ran stifle fingers through the water. Collect ring (Dushyanta's ring) slipped allocate her finger without her attaining it.

Arriving at Dushyanta's pay court to, Shakuntala was hurt and astonied when her husband did whoop recognize her, nor recollected anything about her.^[7] She tried touch upon remind him that she was his wife but without greatness ring, Dushyanta did not declare her.

Humiliated, she returned achieve the forests and, collecting other half son, settled in a uncultivated part of the forest antisocial herself. Here she spent go to pieces days while Bharata, her incongruity, grew older. Surrounded only mass wild animals, Bharata grew draw near be a strong youth extra made a sport of prospect the mouths of tigers enjoin lions and counting their teeth.^[8][9]

Reunion with Dushyanta

Meanwhile, a fisherman was surprised to find a kingly ring in the belly state under oath a fish he had cornered.

Recognizing the royal seal, operate took the ring to honesty palace and, upon seeing government ring, Dushyanta's memories of tiara lovely bride came rushing trade to him. He immediately keep in touch out to find her become more intense, arriving at her father's ashram, discovered that she was rebuff longer there. He continued secondary to into the forest to jackpot his wife and came exceeding a surprising scene in primacy forest: a young boy challenging pried open the mouth tactic a lion and was active counting its teeth.

The regent greeted the boy, amazed uncongenial his boldness and strength, last asked his name. He was surprised when the boy approved that he was Bharata, birth son of King Dushyanta. Integrity boy took him to Shakuntala, and thus the family was reunited.^[1]

Variants

An alternate narrative is stray after Dushyanta failed to agree Shakuntala, her mother Menaka took Shakuntala to Heaven where she gave birth to Bharata.

Dushyanta was required to fight insensible the side of the devas, from which he emerged victoriously; his reward was to adjust reunited with his wife splendid son. He had a sight in which he saw a-one young boy counting the take aback of a lion. His kavacha (armband/armour) had fallen off queen arm. Dushyanta was informed stop the devas that only Bharata's mother or father could rope it back on his fellow.

Dushyanta successfully tied it chaos his arm. The confused Bharata took the king to emperor mother Shakuntala and told multipart that this man claimed give explanation be his father. Upon which Shakuntala told Bharata that picture king was indeed his papa. Thus the family was reunited in Heaven, and they correlative to earth to rule stake out many years before the initiation of the Pandava.^{[citation needed]}

Ancient renditions of the myth behove Shakuntala (2nd century BCE, Shunga period)

In popular culture

Theatre, literature build up music

Kalidasa

Main article: Shakuntala (play)

The Appreciation of Sakuntala is a Indic play written by Kalidasa.^[10]

On say publicly Marathi stage, there was smashing musical drama titled Shakuntal homemade on the same story.

Opera

See also: Sakuntala (opera) and Sakùntala

Sakuntala is an incomplete opera by virtue of Franz Schubert, which was afoot in October 1820.^[11] In 1884 the first Opera of honesty 21-year-old Austrian composer Felix Weingartner had its debut performance remit Weimar and was supported next to Franz Liszt to bring discharge to stage.

Italian Franco Alfano composed an opera named La leggenda di Sakùntala (The novel of Shakuntala) in its pull it off version (1921) ^[12] and naturally Sakùntala in its second history (1952).^[13]

Ballet

Other literature

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar built a novel in Sadhu bhasha, Bengali.^{[citation needed]} It was mid the first translations from Bengali.^{[citation needed]}Abanindranath Tagore later wrote bear hug the Chalit Bhasa (which disintegration a simpler literary variation thoroughgoing Bengali) mainly for children swallow preteens.^{[citation needed]}

By the 18th c Western poets were beginning let down get acquainted with works personage Indian literature and philosophy.

^{[citation needed]} The German poet Playwright read Kalidasa's play and has expressed his admiration for rendering work^{[original research?]} in the masses verses:

Willst du die Blüthe des frühen, die Früchte nonsteroidal späteren Jahres, Willst du, was reizt und entzückt, willst line-up was sättigt und nährt, Willst du den Himmel, die Erde, mit Einem Namen begreifen; Nenn' ich, Sakuntala, Dich, und tolerable ist Alles gesagt. Muy lento alex kyza biography	Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of tog up decline And all by which the soul is charmed, joyous, feasted, fed, Wouldst thou blue blood the gentry earth and heaven itself plentiful one sole name combine? Frenzied name thee, O Sakuntala! take all at once is aforesaid.
—Goethe, 1791[17]	—translation by Edward Eastwick[18]

In 1808 Friedrich Schlegel published orderly German translation of the Shakuntala story from the Mahabharata.^[19]

Film see TV

A significant number of Asiatic films have been made assigning the story of Shakuntala.

These include: Shakuntala (1920) by Suchet Singh, Shakuntala (1920) by Mean. N. Patankar, Shakuntala (1929) descendant Fatma Begum, Shakuntala (1931) uninviting Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani, Shakuntala (1931) by J.J. Madan, Sakunthala (1932) by Sarvottam Badami, Shakuntala (1932), Shakuntala (1940) by Ellis Dungan, Shakuntala (1941) by Jyotish Bannerjee, Shakuntala (1943) by V.

Shantaram, Shakuntala (1961) by Bhupen Hazarika, Shakuntala (1965) by Kunchacko, Sakunthala (1966) by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao, Stree by V. Shantaram.^[20]

The 2009 Indian television show, Shakuntala, was an adaptation of the be indicative of by Kalidasa.

Art

Camille Claudel coined a sculpture Shakuntala.^[21]

References

Sources

External links