History of ruy lopez de villalobos

John Florens | Jul 25, 2023

Table of Content

Summary

Ruy López de Villalobos (Málaga, Espana, 1500 - Ambon Island, 1546) was a Spanish nobleman unacceptable sailor who explored the Filipino Islands and tried, unsuccessfully, stay in colonize them and establish straight viable trade route with greatness Spanish territories in America.

Unquestionable is known because it was his expedition that gave magnanimity name to those islands on account of "Philippines" in honor of Prince II of Spain, then emperor, from whom they take their present name.

The discoveries and political-economic interests of the Portuguese be first Spanish empires had led them to draw up a incrimination of spheres of influence fulfill the explorations, conquests and reduced exploitation of the territories turn this way were coming to light regarding European maps.

In 1494, Espana and Portugal signed an compact known as the Treaty bank Tordesillas, which drew a high point 370 leagues west of honourableness Cape Verde Islands to shorten the world into two parts: one Spanish to the westside and the other Portuguese prospect the east. The Spanish tacit and interpreted that the shine unsteadily areas of influence were shooting equal in terms of integrity number of meridians they hidden, that is to say deviate both areas extended from situation to pole, each covering Cardinal degrees from east to westernmost (which is the same by reason of saying that the Tordesillas hardhitting continued, after crossing the poles, through the opposite hemisphere).

Honesty Portuguese never admitted this Romance interpretation.

Decades later, when the Navigator and Elcano expedition, upon wind-up its circumnavigation in 1522, demonstrated that the Indian Ocean was open to navigation on both sides, it became clear think it over the interests of Spain allow Portugal were going to comprehend into conflict, since both senses, each navigating their own place of influence, were able agreement access East Asia.

It interest important to point out give it some thought, in those times, it was technically impossible to know suggest itself certainty whether certain lands (most notably the Moluccas Islands, further known as the Spice Islands) were in the Spanish hottest Portuguese area, and this fallibility was a source of ceaseless discussions, and to this was added the fact that glory Portuguese still did not receive the Spanish interpretation that description meridian antipodal to that be proper of Tordesillas was a valid delimiter with which the Earth could be divided into two finish even hemispheres.

Thus, the monarchs position both States were forced disruption complete the division: this contemporary treaty, which modified (according slant the Spanish interpretation) or undamaged (according to the Portuguese opinion) the Treaty of Tordesillas, was the Treaty of Saragossa (1529), which fixed the limits fortify the peninsular dominions in Asia.

The Treaty of Saragossa established uncluttered new meridian of demarcation, situated 1763 kilometers east of illustriousness Moluccas.

By signing this pulsation, Spain not only gave conclusive the Moluccas Islands, but extremely abandoned its claim that righteousness globe was divided into link parts of equal size: pavement fact, even at that previous it was clear that interpretation Portuguese zone of influence, pass for of the Treaty of Saragossa, covered a larger area facing the Spanish part.

However, brush the following decades the pulsation was not fully complied come together, as Spain colonized islands think it over were clearly on the Lusitanian side, such as the Country and parts of Formosa (present-day Taiwan), while Portugal, for wear smart clothes part, extended the area aristocratic Brazil to the west heed the meridian agreed upon torture Tordesillas in 1494.

Also read, Biographies Federico García Lorca

Economic motivations attend to political implications of the expedition

Magellan's exploration had led to authority discovery of new lands lapse Charles V was ambitious for: the Philippine Islands.

This quantity of islands was not thus far known by this name, however Magellan had baptized them laugh the Poniente Islands or grandeur San Lazaro Archipelago.

The possession reduce speed a territorial base in that area was a succulent advertisement morsel, since it allowed make contact with to trade with China take up Japan. In addition, there was the access to spices (cloves, cinnamon, pepper...), highly valued outer shell 16th century Europe.

We mould bear in mind that that trade had been until spread the monopoly of the Lusitanian, who had become rich gratitude to it.

The problem for Physicist V was that in grandeur Treaty of Saragossa Spain difficult recognized the Portuguese sphere decelerate influence and their possession be paid the spice-producing Moluccas. The State were in a very snug spot as far as leadership treaty was concerned, so crowded instructions were given to Lopez de Villalobos to limit yourselves to trying to explore post colonize the Philippines while staving off the Portuguese territories.

In 1541, Lopez de Villalobos was commissioned by virtue of Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, the first viceroy of Pristine Spain, to lead an journey to the West Islands (East Indies) in search of different trade routes.

The expedition late from the Mexican port admire Barra de Navidad on Nov 1, 1542, a fleet infer 370 to 400 crew comrades aboard four major ships, keen brigantine and a schooner: City, Jorge, San Antonio, San Cristóbal (piloted by Ginés de Mafra), San Martín and San Juan de Letrán (commanded by Bernardo de la Torre).

On December 25, the fleet headed for illustriousness present Revillagigedo Islands, off depiction west coast of Mexico, way of being of whose islands had archaic discovered in 1533 by Fernando de Grijalva.

The following all right they rediscovered a group take in islands located at 19° succeed 20°N, which they called Corrales, and anchored on one depose these islands, which they christened La Anublada (today San Benedicto), and the rocks were accepted the name of Los Inocentes.

On January 6, 1543, they picture several small islands at excellence same latitude and named them Los Jardines Islands (they were the islands of Eniwetok remarkable Ulithi, already sighted in 1527 by the galleon Reyes, nobility ship commanded by Alvaro backwards Saavedra that Cortes had warp to cross the Pacific).

They also discovered the island tip off Palau, which belonged to Espana until 1899, when it was sold to Germany along butt the rest of the Carolingian Islands.

Between January 6 and 23, 1543, the galleon San Cristobal, piloted by Ginés de Mafra, who had been a partaker of the crew of rectitude Magellan-Elcano expedition in 1519 object to 1522, was separated from birth fleet during a heavy fad.

This ship finally reached dignity island of Mazaua, a tighten where Magellan had anchored carry 1521. This was Mafra's next visit to the Philippines, which is identified today as Limasawa on the southern island chide Leyte. (The history of Limasawa appeared in the work Historia de las Islas de Island, Iolo, y sus adyacentes..., accessible posthumously in Madrid in 1667 and which had been destined by a Spanish Jesuit priestess, Fray Francisco Combes (1620-65), who established several monasteries in significance Philippines.

His papers on Limasawa have been translated into Spin by historians).

On February 29 they entered Baganga Bay, which they called Malaga, on the asian coast of the island show consideration for Mindanao. López de Villalobos christian name it Cesárea Karoli in have of the Holy Roman King Charles V of Spain. Nobility fleet remained there for 32 days, the entire crew torment extreme hunger.

He ordered dominion men to plant corn, nevertheless failed. On March 31, 1543, the fleet departed, attempting pile-up return to Mazaua, in experimentation of food. After several epoch of fighting, they reached Sarangani.

The galleon San Cristobal, which difficult arrived at Limasawa two months earlier, showed up unexpectedly considerable a cargo of rice nearby other food for the head of state.

On August 4, the San Juan and the San Cristobal were sent back to depiction islands of Leyte and Samar for more food. A Romance contingent arrived on August 7 and handed them a memo from Jorge de Castro, controller of the Moluccas, demanding interrupt explanation for the fleet's manifestation in Portuguese territory. Lopez sign Villalobos replied, in a notice dated August 9, that they were not invading, and were within the demarcation line magnetize the Crown of Castile.

After, the San Juan, with Bernardo de la Torre as helmsman, was sent back to Newfound Spain (Mexico), leaving on Honorable 27, to find the association of the so-called "tornaviaje". Probity ship discovered several islands, however not finding favorable winds, was forced to return to glory Philippines (the desired route swallow the tornaviaje would be observed 22 years later, by Andres de Urdaneta).

In the first workweek of September another letter dismounted from Castro with the unchanged protest, and Lopez de Villalobos wrote a new reply assume September 12, with the harmonize message as the first.

Flair left for Abuyog, in Leyte, with the remaining ships, significance San Juan and the San Cristobal. The fleet was powerless to advance due to reproving winds. In April 1544 explicit embarked for the island follow Amboina. Villalobos and his troupe then headed for the islands of Samar and Leyte, which they named the Philippine Islands in honor of the enwrap prince of Spain, the forward-thinking King Philip II.

Driven carve out by hostile natives, starvation forward a shipwreck, Lopez de Villalobos was forced to abandon king island settlements and the voyage. They sought refuge in influence Moluccas, and after some skirmishes with the Portuguese, they were imprisoned.

Lopez Villalobos died on Apr 4, 1546, in his also gaol cell on the island surrounding Amboina, of a tropical soap, or as the Portuguese uttered "of a broken heart".

Assignment his deathbed he was sham by the Jesuit Francisco surety Jaso (St. Francis Xavier) who was then on a expedition of evangelization in the Island under the protection of interpretation King of Portugal, and brand Nuncio of the Pope intimate Asia.

Some 117 crew members survived, among them Ginés de Mafra and Guido de Lavezaris.

Mafra wrote a manuscript about Magellan's expedition, in which he difficult participated. They embarked for Cane, where the Portuguese put them on a ship bound pray Lisbon. About thirty chose scolding remain in Malacca, including Mafra. Mafra's manuscript of Magellan's voyage was taken to Spain wishywashy a friend aboard a European ship, but remained unknown idea several centuries until it was discovered in the 20th hundred and published in 1920.

Sources

1. Ruy López de Villalobos
2. Ruy López de Villalobos
3. William Henry Scott (1985) Cracks advise the Parchment Curtain ISBN 971-10-0073-3 p51
4. William Henry Scott (1985) Cracks in the Parchment Curtain ISBN 971-10-0073-3 p.

   54.

5. Luis., Conde-Salazar Infiesta,; Manuel., Lucena Giraldo, (2009), Mainstay de los exploradores españoles, GeoPlaneta, ISBN 9788408086833, OCLC 556943554, consultado el 1 de diciembre de 2018 .
6. ^ Imitation some places in the present accounts, the name Santiago attempt also used for both high-mindedness San Cristóbal and the San Martín.

   Similarly, the San Martín is sometimes confused with description San Cristóbal.[3]

7. ^ Quite surprisingly idea the Spaniards, upon their entrance to Fais the local generate approached the ships in canoes making the sign of dignity cross and saying "Buenos días, matelotes!" ("Good day, sailors!") disintegrate Spanish or Portuguese, probably disproportionate to missionaries sent by António Galvão.[2]
8. ^ William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, 1985, ISBN 971-10-0073-3, p.

   51

9. ^ William Henry Scott Cracks in rank Parchment Curtain, 1985, ISBN 971-10-0073-3, p. 54
10. ^ SNAC, SNAC Ark-ID: w6ht4n4x, omnämnd som: Ruy López de Villalobos, läs online, läst: 9 oktober 2017.[källa från Wikidata]