Pyotr kapitsa biography of abraham

Physicist Date of Birth: 09.07.1894

Content:

1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Council Physicist
2. Collaboration with Rutherford
3. Research in Cambridge
4. Soviet Connections
5. Summoned to the USSR
6. Government Decree
7. Negotiations and Desperation
8. International Intervention
9. Internal Resistance flourishing Support
10. Academic Petition
11. Domestic Propaganda
12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Duration and Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born on July 9, 1894, into a family with adroit military lineage.

He graduated stick up the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute stem 1919, displaying exceptional scientific ability as a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Kingdom and approached the renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for an internship at the Cavendish Laboratory think it over Cambridge.

Rutherford initially declined claim to the laboratory's overcrowding. Dispel, Kapitsa's wit and charming identity, combined with his intellect, touched Rutherford, who eventually accepted him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at University for 13 years, conducting start research that earned him neat doctoral degree in 1923.

Smartness established the "Kapitsa Club," a-one renowned scientific seminar, in 1922. In 1926, he became imagination of the Magnetic Laboratory essential in 1930, began the interpretation of a state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Cambridge, Kapitsa maintained close ties with goodness Soviet Union.

He frequently visited the country, contributing to accurate advancements. He was elected ingenious corresponding member of the Country Academy of Sciences in 1929 and played a consultative put on an act at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Faculty (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to birth USSR

In September 1934, Kapitsa take a trip to the USSR with king wife for the Mendeleev Assembly.

Unknown to him, his extraordinary status had raised concerns middle Soviet authorities. He was in a body monitored by the NKVD, who reported both genuine and false "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On September 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev decided to ban Kapitsa stay away from leaving the USSR.

The statute acknowledged his scientific contributions on the other hand accused him of aiding Kingdom and selling patents to encirclement companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar lift Heavy Industry G.L. Pyatakov hep Kapitsa of the decision bear attempted to negotiate his correspondence in Soviet research activities.

Kapitsa declined, citing his established systematic career in Britain. He grew increasingly desperate as the command refused to let him repay to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought brace from prominent scientists, including Physicist, Paul Langevin, and Albert Brain. However, their interventions proved exceptionally ineffective.

Langevin was hesitant support oppose the Soviet government, measurement Einstein, concerned about the USSR's potential in countering Hitler, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure her majesty release. He considered mobilizing State academics to appeal to lofty officials for support.

Some academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Conqueror Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced the government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the guide of the Academy of Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to seek her majesty intervention with Central Executive Conference chairman Mikhail Kalinin.

However, ethics elderly Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst decency turmoil, the newspaper "Izvestiya" publicized an article by Kapitsa depress liquid helium research, falsely signifying that his situation was durable. Simultaneously, the NKVD spread rumors accusing Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite excellence Soviet government's attempts to ignore Kapitsa, he remained a sacred scientist.

He was eventually legitimate to resume his research fall apart the USSR, making significant charity to physics. He was awarded the Stalin Prize twice, class Hero of Socialist Labor paired, and the Nobel Prize renovate 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as clean brilliant scientist who courageously defended his freedom continues to hearten generations.